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ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช:

ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืช ืœืืœื™ ื›ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ืื•ืช ืžืกื“ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ืขื•ืœื”

ืืœื™ (ืืœื™ื”ื•) ื›ื”ืŸ ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ื—ื‘ืจ ื›ื ืกืช ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื‘-2002-2003. ืขื ืกื™ื•ื ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืžื•ื ื” ืœืฉื’ืจื™ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2004-2007. ืงืฉืจื• ืœื™ืคืŸ ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžืืžืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืœืืžื ื•ืช ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืฉื•ื˜ื•ืงืืŸ ืงืจืื˜ื”-ื“ื• ื•ื ื•ืฉื ื—ื’ื•ืจื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” Dan 5 . ื‘ืฉื ืช 1981 ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืžื“ืœื™ื™ืช ื–ื”ื‘ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื‘ื™ื” ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžืืžืŸ ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืงืจืื˜ื” ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ืžื›ื‘ื™ื”. ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื›ืฉืจ ื›ืžืืžืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืœืืžื ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ื ืฉื™ื ืื’ื•ื“ืช ืฉื•ื˜ื•ืงืืŸ ืงืจืื˜ื”-ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืชืืžืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื’ื ื‘ื’'ื•ื“ื• ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืงื ื“ื• (ื“ืืŸ 1) ื•ืื™ืื“ื• (ื“ืืŸ 4).

ืืœื™ ืคืจืกื ืžืกืคืจ ืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ื™ืคื ื™ืช, ื‘ื”ื ืขืกืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ืคื ื™ืช, ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื™ืคื ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ืขืžื™ื”ื ื‘- 100 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืื•ืจื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืคืŸ ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช.

ืžืกื“ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืžืกื“ืจ ื™ืคื ื™ ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืกื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื™ืกืจ ืžื™ื™ื’'ื™. ื”ืžืกื“ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืขื ืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื™ืคื ื™ืช, ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1875.

ื”ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ื›ืงืจื ื™ ืฉืžืฉ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื”ืขื•ืœื” - ืื—ื“ ืžืกืžืœื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืคืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืœื• ืฉืจืฉืžื• ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื, ืงื™ื“ืžื• ืืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ืคืŸ, ืคืจืฆื• ื“ืจืš ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื, ืชืจืžื• ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืื• ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ื”ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืขื ืง ื’ื ืœืื ืฉื™ ืฆื‘ื ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื.

ื”ืžืกื“ืจ ื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ืจืกืชื• ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ืœืœื-ื™ืคื ื™ื ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉื ืช 1981 (ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื–ืจื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”), ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉื ืช 2003 (ืขื“ ืื– ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื ืฉื™ื ืืช ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืžืกื“ืจ ื”ื›ืชืจ ื”ื™ืงืจ). ื”ืขื ืงืช ื”ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื”ืงื™ืกืจ. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืœืื“ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืชื•.

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